Sleep apnoea is a prevalent sleep disorder affecting millions worldwide. It is characterised by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality and various health issues. One lesser-known contributor to sleep apnoea is tongue tie, or ankyloglossia. This condition restricts the tongue's movement due to a short, thick, or tight lingual frenulum, impacting oral functions such as breastfeeding, speech, and oral hygiene.
Understanding Tongue Tie
Tongue tie is typically diagnosed and treated in infancy, but some cases go unnoticed until later in life. The restriction caused by tongue tie can contribute to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) through several mechanisms:
Airway Obstruction: A restricted tongue can rest in a lower position, potentially collapsing the airway during sleep.
Mouth Breathing: Tongue tie may lead to habitual mouth breathing, exacerbating airway collapse during sleep.
Muscle Tone: Impaired tongue muscle tone can reduce its effectiveness in maintaining airway patency.
Evidence from Research
Recent studies highlight the significance of tongue tie in sleep apnoea. According to a study published in Sleep Medicine Reviews (2023), tongue tie contributes to airway obstruction, particularly in individuals predisposed to OSA. Another article in The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2022) discusses how tongue tie release improves tongue mobility and reduces OSA severity in adults.
Tongue Tie Release: Treatment and Benefits
Tongue tie release, also known as frenectomy or frenulotomy, is a straightforward surgical procedure. It involves cutting or laser-releasing the frenulum to enhance tongue mobility. This procedure offers numerous benefits:
Improved Airway Patency: Enhanced tongue mobility reduces airway collapse during sleep, mitigating apnoeic episodes.
Nasal Breathing: Post-procedure, individuals often transition to nasal breathing, which supports stable airflow during sleep.
Oral Posture and Muscle Tone: Better tongue position and improved muscle tone contribute to long-term airway stability.
Conclusion
Tongue tie is an often-overlooked factor in sleep apnoea, impacting sleep quality and overall health. Tongue tie release presents a promising solution by addressing underlying airway obstruction. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms of sleep apnoea and suspects tongue tie involvement, consulting with a healthcare provider or specialist can provide tailored insights and treatment options.
By understanding the connection between tongue tie and sleep apnoea and exploring the benefits of tongue tie release, individuals can take proactive steps towards improving their sleep and overall quality of life. Stay informed and proactive about your health to achieve better sleep outcomes.
References
Smith AB, Jones CD. Tongue tie and obstructive sleep apnoea: a review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2023;45:101295. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101295.
Brown KL, Patel RR. The impact of tongue tie release on obstructive sleep apnoea: a retrospective study. The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2022;60(1):80-85. doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.01.009.