How Tongue-tie and TMJ Disorders Are 'Tied' Together

The relationship between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) has garnered attention in dental and medical research. Understanding this connection is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Understanding Tongue-Tie and TMJ Disorders

Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue-tie, is a congenital condition characterized by a restrictive lingual frenulum, which impairs tongue movement. This restriction can lead to difficulties in breastfeeding, speech articulation, and oral hygiene. (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

TMJ disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint, which connects the jawbone to the skull. Symptoms may include jaw pain, difficulty chewing, and clicking or locking of the jaw joint.

The Connection Between Tongue-Tie and TMJ Disorders

Research indicates that untreated tongue-tie can contribute to the development of TMJ disorders. A study published in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics found that a short lingual frenulum is associated with specific mandibular discrepancies and speech impairments, suggesting a potential link to TMJ issues. (dentistry.wvu.edu)

Furthermore, the limited mobility of the tongue may cause compensatory behaviors, such as altered swallowing patterns and increased tension in the masticatory muscles. These adaptations can strain the TMJ, contributing to pain and dysfunction.

Impact on Jaw Development

The tongue plays a pivotal role in shaping the oral cavity during growth. In children with tongue-tie, the tongue cannot exert adequate pressure against the palate, which is essential for stimulating proper jaw expansion. Consequently, these children may develop narrower dental arches and a higher palate, conditions associated with TMJ disorders.

Symptoms Indicating a Potential Link

Individuals with both tongue-tie and TMJ disorders may experience:

  • Jaw pain or discomfort

  • Headaches

  • Difficulty in swallowing

  • Speech difficulties

  • Mouth breathing

These symptoms arise from the interplay between restricted tongue movement and compensatory muscle activity affecting the TMJ.

Treatment Considerations

Addressing tongue-tie through a frenectomy—a surgical procedure to release the lingual frenulum—can improve tongue mobility and potentially alleviate associated TMJ symptoms. Early intervention is particularly beneficial, as studies have shown that children undergoing tongue-tie correction can experience significant improvements in jaw development, potentially reducing the risk of TMJ disorders later in life.

For adults, a comprehensive approach that includes myofunctional therapy to retrain oral muscles, along with TMJ-specific treatments, may be necessary to address both conditions effectively.

Conclusion

The connection between tongue-tie and TMJ disorders underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. By addressing tongue-tie promptly, it is possible to promote proper jaw development and reduce the risk of TMJ disorders. If you are experiencing symptoms related to either condition, consulting with a healthcare professional specializing in orofacial disorders is essential for appropriate management.

For personalized care and effective treatment solutions, contact Pain Free Dentist Sydney at 9558 8988 or email us at info@painfreedentistsydney.com.au.

References

  1. Jang, S. J., Cha, B. K., Ngan, P., Choi, D. S., Lee, S. K., & Jang, I. (2011). Relationship between the lingual frenulum and craniofacial morphology in adults. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 139(4), e361–e367.

  2. Messner, A. H., & Lalakea, M. L. (2000). Ankyloglossia: controversies in management. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 54(2-3), 123–131.

  3. Huang, W. J., Creath, C. J. (1995). The midline diastema: a review of its etiology and treatment. Pediatric Dentistry, 17(3), 171–179.

  4. Kotlow, L. A. (2004). Oral diagnosis of abnormal frenum attachments in neonates and infants: evaluation and treatment of the maxillary and lingual frenum using the Erbium:YAG laser. Journal of Pediatric Dental Care, 10(3), 11–14.

  5. Horton, C. E., Crawford, H. H., Adamson, J. E., & Ashbell, T. S. (1969). Tongue-tie. The Cleft Palate Journal, 6, 8–23.