Gum Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments

What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the gums that can damage soft tissue and destroy the bone supporting your teeth. It ranges from gingivitis (mild inflammation) to periodontitis (serious infection that can lead to tooth loss).

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Causes of Gum Disease

Several factors contribute to gum disease, including:

  • Poor oral hygiene leading to plaque buildup

  • Smoking and tobacco use

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Hormonal changes

  • Certain medications and medical conditions (like diabetes)

Plaque hardens into tartar, which harbors bacteria that inflame and infect your gums.

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Early Signs and Symptoms

Detecting gum disease early is crucial. Look out for:

  • Red, swollen, or bleeding gums

  • Persistent bad breath

  • Receding gums or longer-looking teeth

  • Loose teeth or changes in bite

  • Pain or discomfort while chewing

Early intervention prevents serious damage and tooth loss.

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Treatment Options

1. Professional Dental Cleaning

Removing plaque and tartar above and below the gum line to stop infection.

2. Scaling and Root Planing

Deep cleaning for more advanced gum disease to smooth root surfaces and help gums reattach.

3. Medications

Antibiotic gels, mouth rinses, or oral medications may be used to reduce bacteria and inflammation.

4. Surgery (If Needed)

In severe cases, procedures like flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts restore gum and bone health.

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Prevention Tips

  • Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste

  • Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth

  • Visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings

  • Avoid smoking and maintain a healthy diet

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Contact Pain Free Dentists Sydney

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