Healthy gums are the foundation of a healthy smile. But when plaque and bacteria build up around the gumline, it can lead to gum disease—a common condition that affects nearly half of adults over 30.
Left untreated, gum disease can damage your teeth, gums, and even your jawbone. In severe cases, it can lead to tooth loss.
In this blog, we’ll break down the two main stages of gum disease—gingivitis and periodontitis—including causes, symptoms, treatment options, and how to prevent it.
What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that surround and support your teeth. It starts off mild (gingivitis) but can progress into a more serious condition (periodontitis) if not treated early.
Stage 1: Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest and mildest form of gum disease. It occurs when plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—builds up on the teeth and irritates the gum tissue.
Symptoms of Gingivitis:
Red or swollen gums
Bleeding when brushing or flossing
Bad breath (halitosis)
Mild gum tenderness
Receding gums (early sign)
The good news? Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental cleanings.
Stage 2: Periodontitis
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis—a more advanced form of gum disease where the infection spreads below the gumline, damaging the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place.
Symptoms of Periodontitis:
Persistent bad breath
Gum recession and pockets forming between teeth
Loose or shifting teeth
Pain when chewing
Tooth sensitivity due to exposed roots
Eventual tooth loss
Once gum disease reaches this stage, it is no longer reversible but can be managed with proper treatment and ongoing care.
What Causes Gum Disease?
The primary cause is plaque buildup from poor oral hygiene. However, several other factors can contribute to gum disease:
Smoking or tobacco use
Diabetes
Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, menopause)
Medications that reduce saliva flow
Poor diet, especially one low in vitamin C
Genetics
Crooked teeth that are harder to clean
Treatment for Gum Disease
For Gingivitis:
Professional dental cleaning (scale and polish)
Improved brushing and flossing habits
Antibacterial mouth rinses
Regular dental check-ups
For Periodontitis:
Deep cleaning (scaling and root planing)
Antibiotic therapy (topical or oral)
Laser therapy (in some cases)
Gum surgery for advanced cases
Bone or tissue grafts if bone loss has occurred
How to Prevent Gum Disease
Prevention is the key to avoiding gum disease—and it starts at home:
Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
Floss once a day
Use an antibacterial mouthwash
Visit your dentist every 6 months
Don’t smoke
Eat a balanced diet
Why Gum Health Matters Beyond Your Smile
Gum disease has been linked to serious systemic health issues, including:
Heart disease
Diabetes complications
Respiratory infections
Pregnancy complications (low birth weight or preterm birth)
Stroke
Taking care of your gums supports your overall health—not just your teeth.
When Should You See a Dentist?
If you notice bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, gum recession, or any pain or looseness in your teeth, don’t ignore it. Early intervention is the best way to stop gum disease in its tracks.
Conclusion: Protect Your Gums, Protect Your Smile
Gum disease can silently damage your oral health before you even feel symptoms. But with regular care, early detection, and the right treatment, you can maintain healthy gums for life.
Book your dental check-up today and let’s keep your gums strong, pink, and problem-free.