Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, is a widespread oral health problem affecting millions worldwide. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss and even impact your overall health. Understanding what periodontal disease is, how to spot it early, and how to prevent or treat it can save your smile—and your health.
What Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is an infection of the gums and the supporting structures of your teeth. It starts with gingivitis, the inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup. If not treated, gingivitis can progress into periodontitis, where the infection spreads deeper, damaging the bone and connective tissue that hold your teeth in place.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of periodontal disease is poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to accumulate along the gum line. Other risk factors include:
Smoking or tobacco use
Diabetes
Genetic predisposition
Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, menopause)
Certain medications
Stress
Poor nutrition
Immune system disorders
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Early-stage gum disease (gingivitis) might not cause pain, but there are signs you should never ignore:
Red, swollen, or tender gums
Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
Persistent bad breath
Receding gums or gums pulling away from teeth
Loose or shifting teeth
Changes in your bite or how your teeth fit together
Why Periodontal Disease Matters Beyond Your Mouth
Research shows a strong connection between periodontal disease and systemic health problems like:
Heart disease
Stroke
Diabetes complications
Respiratory disease
Pregnancy complications (e.g., premature birth, low birth weight)
The inflammation and bacteria in your gums can enter your bloodstream, affecting your whole body.
How Is Periodontal Disease Diagnosed?
During your dental visit, your dentist or hygienist will:
Measure the depth of gum pockets around your teeth
Check for gum bleeding and inflammation
Take X-rays to assess bone loss
Review your medical and dental history
Early detection is key to successful treatment.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the stage of the disease:
1. Professional Cleaning
Removal of plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line
Polishing teeth to remove stains and smooth surfaces
2. Scaling and Root Planing
Deep cleaning procedure to remove bacteria from root surfaces and smooth rough spots
Helps gums reattach to teeth
3. Medications
Antibiotic gels or mouth rinses to reduce bacteria
Oral antibiotics for severe infections
4. Surgical Treatments
Flap surgery to clean deep pockets
Bone and tissue grafts to regenerate lost structures
Preventing Periodontal Disease
Good news: periodontal disease is largely preventable with consistent care:
Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
Regular dental check-ups and cleanings
Quit smoking and manage underlying health issues
Maintain a healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals
Final Thoughts
Periodontal disease is a serious but manageable condition. Early intervention and good oral hygiene can keep your gums healthy and protect your smile for life. If you notice any signs of gum problems, don’t wait—schedule a dental visit today.
Concerned about your gum health?
Contact us for a comprehensive periodontal assessment and personalized care plan.