Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is the most prevalent dental issue in Australia. Affecting approximately 90% of adults and 50% of children at some point in their lives, tooth decay results from the gradual breakdown of tooth enamel by acids produced by bacteria in the mouth .
What Causes Tooth Decay?
Several factors contribute to the development of tooth decay:
Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on teeth, leading to enamel erosion.
High Sugar Diet: Consuming sugary foods and drinks fuels bacteria that produce acids, accelerating enamel breakdown.
Lack of Fluoride: Fluoride helps remineralize enamel and prevent decay. Areas with non-fluoridated water may experience higher rates of tooth decay .
Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva flow can decrease the mouth's ability to neutralize acids and wash away food particles.
Symptoms of Tooth Decay
Common signs include:
Toothache or spontaneous pain
Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
Visible holes or pits in teeth
Brown, black, or white staining on any surface of a tooth
Prevention Tips
Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
Limit sugary snacks and drinks
Visit the dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings
Consider dental sealants for children to protect against cavities
Treatment Options
If tooth decay is detected early, treatment options may include:
Fillings: To restore the tooth's shape and function
Crowns: For extensive decay to protect and strengthen the tooth
Root Canals: If decay reaches the tooth's pulp
Tooth Extractions: In severe cases where the tooth cannot be saved
Conclusion
Tooth decay remains a significant oral health concern in Australia. By practicing good oral hygiene, maintaining a balanced diet, and seeking regular dental care, individuals can reduce their risk and maintain a healthy smile.
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