Gum disease (also called periodontal disease) is one of the most common dental problems worldwide. It starts with mild gum inflammation (gingivitis) and, if left untreated, can progress into periodontitis — a serious infection that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting your teeth.
What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease occurs when bacteria build up on your teeth and gums, leading to infection. Plaque and tartar are the main culprits. If not removed by regular brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings, they can cause gums to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets of infection.
Symptoms of Gum Disease
You may have gum disease if you notice:
Red, swollen, or tender gums
Bleeding while brushing or flossing
Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
Receding gums
Loose teeth or shifting bite
Pain when chewing
Causes of Gum Disease
Several factors increase the risk of gum disease:
Poor oral hygiene
Smoking or tobacco use
Diabetes
Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause)
Genetic predisposition
Certain medications that reduce saliva flow
Stages of Gum Disease
Gingivitis – Early stage with mild inflammation and bleeding gums
Periodontitis – Advanced stage with gum recession, infection, and possible tooth loss
Treatment Options for Gum Disease
Professional cleaning – Scaling and root planing to remove plaque/tartar
Medications – Antibiotics or antimicrobial rinses
Surgical treatments – Flap surgery, bone grafts, or soft tissue grafts for severe cases
Ongoing maintenance – Regular dental visits and improved oral hygiene
Prevention Tips
Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
Floss at least once a day
Use an antibacterial mouthwash
Visit your dentist every 6 months for cleanings
Quit smoking and maintain a healthy diet
Why Treat Gum Disease Early?
Untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss, bone damage, and even increase the risk of systemic health problems like heart disease, diabetes complications, and respiratory issues. Early treatment means better oral health and lower long-term costs.
Final Thoughts
Gum disease treatment is most effective when diagnosed early. If you’re experiencing symptoms like bleeding gums, bad breath, or gum recession, visit a dentist near you for an evaluation. Protecting your gums is key to keeping your natural teeth healthy for life.